8/14/2023 0 Comments Crossover symmetry exercises pdf![]() ![]() Regarding the type of adaptation generated, evidence seems to suggest that neural adaptations are better candidates for the explanation of the results than muscular adaptations are (Dragert and Zehr, 2011 Farthing and Zehr, 2014 Ruddy and Carson, 2013). This fact hinders their applicability and seems to be related to a variety of factors such as: a) the trained half of the body, with the greatest effects being observed when the dominant side is trained (Farthing and Zehr, 2014) b) the level of the participants’ daily physical activity, with the effect being lower in trained subjects c) the level of prior knowledge of the training task used, with greater effects being found when the training tasks are unknown (Farthing et al., 2005) d) the type of contraction, it being observed that eccentric work seems to induce a greater effect than isometric and concentric work (Farthing and Chilibeck, 2003 Hortobagyi et al., 1996) and finally, e) the characteristics of the training protocol, with the existence of a proportional relationship between the load applied and the strength increase observed (Zhou, 2000). Of note among them are test learning effects, control of inactivity in the non-trained hemisphere and sample diversity (Carroll et al., 2006).Äespite the abundance of previous studies, there is large variability between their findings. ![]() Consequently, several recent studies have proposed research designs and methodologies allowing the main effect-modifying factors to be controlled for (Carroll et al., 2006 Lee and Carroll, 2007 Voet et al., 2013). Unfortunately, despite the significance of the adaptations, most of the studies had been conducted with little control of the potential variables that might have influenced the strength increase. In recent years, CE has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy (Farthing et al., 2011 Hendy et al., 2012 Magnus et al., 2013) because it was found that, after strength training with the ipsilateral limb, there was an increase in strength levels in the contralateral, non-trained sides (Farthing et al., 2009 Lepley and Palmieri-Smith, 2014 Magnus et al., 2013) and less atrophy of inactive muscles in injured areas of the body (Hendy et al., 2012 Magnus et al., 2010). Davis ( 1899), the most commonly used term is cross-education (CE). However, since it was coined by Walter W. Several terms have been used to refer to this phenomenon: cross-transfer, cross-over effect, cross-exercise, contralateral learning, contralateral training or inter-limb transfer. ![]() Previous studies have proved strength increases in the contralateral limb after performing unilateral strength exercises with the ipsilateral limb (Lee and Carroll, 2007). In conclusion, to optimize contralateral strength improvements, cross-training sessions should involve fast eccentric sets with moderate volumes and rest intervals. Effect size did not relate to absolute volume, relative intensity, absolute duration and speed of execution. Greater effect sizes were observed in lengthy protocols involving fast eccentric exercises using designs of 3 sets of 10 repetitions and a 2-minute rest time. The studies included in the meta-analysis showed a low risk of bias and had an estimated pooled effect size of 0.56 (95% CI from 0.34 to 0.78). Ten of the 43 eligible studies were included, covering a total of 409 participants. The examined studies were limited to those written in the English language within the Web of Science, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases. The aim of this meta-analysis was to deduce which unilateral strength training load (duration, frequency, intensity, rest and type) would enable the biggest strength increases to be obtained in the inactive contralateral limb. There is solid evidence on the cross-training phenomenon, but the training load required to achieve it has yet to be established. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |